This Knee is a Royal Pain: The Birth of Venus

Sandro Botticelli, The Birth of Venus, 1485
This Knee is a Royal Pain: Disney Princesses & Art

By SARAH XU

Greetings, loved ones. Let’s take a journey.

Disney princesses: idolized by youngsters, teenagers’ love life aspirations, adults’ worst nightmares. A never-ending nap? A girl taken hostage by a beast? A girl with hair long enough and strong enough to climb? A mermaid that becomes human? A maid who marries a prince? Where did Hans Christian Andersen, the Grimm brothers, and the other writers get these creative ideas? Let’s take a look at some possible inspirations.

What do mermaids call their friends on?
Shell phones.

The Birth of Venus is called the "first large-scale canvas created in Renaissance Florence,” measuring six feet by nine feet. Unlike other artists, Botticelli used expensive alabaster powder, which "mermade" the colors brighter and more radiant than usual. Nude paintings were not common in the Middle Ages, but this painting was an exception due to the godly subject. Also, how convenient is the length of her hair?

On her left, the blue ocean represents the divinity Venus came from while the lush, green nature on her right represents the human world. These two contrasting sides shows her transition from divinity to the mortal world. On the seashell, Venus leans more towards the right side, embracing her change to the mortal world. Furthermore, on her left is the God of Wind and on her right is the Goddess of Seasons. The path of the flowers towards the right of the painting shows Zephyrs using his powers of the wind to push Venus towards Earth.

Is this a painting of the birth of Venus, or the moment when Ariel becomes a human? It seems like the woman has red hair and she’s basically emerging from the ocean. Also, she looks a little wobbly on her feet. Who wouldn't be after magically developing legs? One side of the painting could symbolize Ariel's life under the sea and the other side could symbolize Ariel's transition to the land of the walking. Off she goes to find Prince Eric!

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This Knee is a Royal Pain: Lady Lilith

Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Lady Lilith, 1867
This Knee is a Royal Pain: Disney Princesses & Art
By SARAH XU

Greetings, loved ones. Let’s take a journey.

Disney princesses: idolized by youngsters, teenagers’ love life aspirations, adults’ worst nightmares. A never-ending nap? Talking furniture? A girl with hair long enough and strong enough to climb? A singing mermaid with red hair? A pretty maid who marries a prince? Where did Hans Christian Andersen, the Grimm brothers, and the other writers get these creative ideas? Let’s take a look at some possible inspirations.

It was in Rapunzel’s name/nature to be a fan of puns.

When Lady Lilith was first painted, Dante Gabriel Rossetti used his mistress Fanny Cornforth as his model. A few years later, he changed the woman in the painting’s face to show another model’s face. However, the woman in the painting is meant to be a more modern version of Lilith, the first wife of Adam, who is known for seducing men and murdering children. In the painting, she does not have the typical Victorian corset, which exhibits her refusal to follow society's expectations. In the myth, Lilith is a powerful woman who does not allow men to control her. Her beauty attracts many men, which leads to the death of any male in her presence. The painting’s crowded, yet depthless space is shown in the mirror’s reflection of the candles and a garden. The background of the painting consists of roses, poppies, and foxgloves. The roses signify cold love, the poppy represents Lilith’s relaxed personality, and the foxgloves indicates insincerity.

With hair as long as Lilith's, clearly it needed to be brushed constantly, or it would become Tangled. The woman in the painting seems to be in a small room, perhaps located in a tower in the middle of nowhere. Although Rapunzel does not lure men to their death, she sure has the ability to. Rapunzel’s beauty and her luscious locks of hair would have gentlemen lining up, if she wasn’t hidden away. Lilith's boldness and alluring looks, along with her love for flowers are qualities Rapunzel just happens to share. Coincidence? I think not.
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This Knee is a Royal Pain: Lady Writing a Letter with her Maid

Johannes Vermeer, Lady Writing a Letter with her Maid, 1670
This Knee is a Royal Pain: Disney Princesses & Art
By SARAH XU

Greetings, loved ones. Let’s take a journey.  

Disney princesses: idolized by youngsters, teenagers’ love life aspirations, adults’ worst nightmares. A never-ending nap? Talking furniture? A girl with hair long enough and strong enough to climb? A singing mermaid with red hair? A pretty maid who marries a prince? Where did Hans Christian Andersen, the Grimm brothers, and the other writers get these creative ideas? Let’s take a look at some possible inspirations. 

Why was Cinderella thrown off the basketball team? 
She kept running away from the ball. 

From servant girl to a princess, Cinderella is the classic rags to riches story. Why was Cinderella's iconic ballgown blue? Yep, that's right. Writers were inspired by the blue cloth the maid holds in the painting. Lo and behold, what is that sound? That’s the royal carriage pulling up to the house! The maid’s yearns to be out there, to be trying on that slipper that she knows will be a perfect fit. But, how will she get past her evil stepmother?

Lady Writing a Letter with her Maid was the first time Johannes Vermeer used centrifugal composition. The painting’s focus is not just from the center of the canvas. However, many of Vermeer’s usual styles are seen in this painting. Vermeer thoroughly enjoyed the inside/outside axis of interior spaces, tiled floors, and verticals (shown in the dresses, window frame, and the painting on the wall).

In this painting, the maid most likely delivered the love letters between the woman and her lover. The maid and her employer’s postures hints that they are disconnected. The maid’s crossed arms shows detachment and impatience, while her gaze towards the window shows restlessness. However, art historians believe the maid and her employer have some sort of a relationship due to the very presence of the maid while the woman writes the love letter. Although Cinderella had a tense relationship with her stepmother and stepsisters, family was family and there was always some level of intimacy between them. Well, if the shoe fits... 
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This Knee is a Royal Pain: The Birth of Venus

Alexandre Cabanel, The Birth of Venus, 1863
This Knee is a Royal Pain: Disney Princesses & Art
By SARAH XU

Greetings, loved ones. Let’s take a journey.

Disney princesses: idolized by youngsters, teenagers’ love life aspirations, adults’ worst nightmares. A never-ending nap? A girl taken hostage by a beast? A girl with hair long enough and strong enough to climb? A mermaid that becomes human? A maid who marries a prince? Where did Hans Christian Andersen, the Grimm brothers, and the other writers get these creative ideas? Let’s take a look at some possible inspirations.

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Painted in 1863, it is a short 96 years before the creation of Sleeping Beauty in 1959. The three cherubs directly about Venus represent the three fairies in Sleeping Beauty, Flora, Fauna, and Merryweather, fretting over Sleeping Beauty. The far left cherub stealthily flying away depicts Maleficent content with her actions. She will soon be followed by her raven accomplice, who is presently occupied with a seashell.

The Birth of Venus is based off of the myth of Venus's creation from sea-foam. The light colors of the sfumato technique Cabanel used helps glorify and draw attention to her beauty. However, the painting is lacking the notorious dolphins and her chariot shell. Some critics believe the moment painted is the moment directly after her birth, so the chariot shell and the dolphins have yet to arrive. At the time, nude paintings caused an uproar, shown in the negative reactions to Olympia painted by Edouard Manet. Manet’s painting was painted the same year as The Birth of Venus and also had a similar composition, yet Manet received much more criticism. Venus’s popular myth, along with her relaxed stare and pose produced a painting that was acceptable for viewers, since painting such a classical subject makes nudity tolerable.
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This Knee is a Royal Pain: Young Girl Reading

Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Young Girl Reading, 1776
This Knee is a Royal Pain: Disney Princesses & Art
By SARAH XU

Greetings, loved ones. Let’s take a journey.

Disney princesses: idolized by youngsters, teenagers’ love life aspirations, adults’ worst nightmares. A never-ending nap? Talking furniture? A girl with hair long enough and strong enough to climb? A singing mermaid with red hair? A pretty maid who marries a prince? Where did Hans Christian Andersen, the Grimm brothers, and the other writers get these creative ideas? Let’s take a look at some possible inspirations. 

What is Belle’s favorite fast food restaurant? 
Taco Belle

A girl in a yellow dress reading? Does that ring a belle? What would one do when captured by a beast and is locked away in a mansion? Why, of course! Read! A yellow dress? Seems a little bit risky for a princess, but by 1991, all the other dress colors have been taken. If this girl in the painting can pull it off, why not give it a try? 

A Young Girl Reading is part of a series of young girls created by Fragonard called portraits de fantaisie (imaginary portraits) that changed the existing conventions of portraiture. First, Fragonard could finish an entire portrait in an hour. However, his portraits were all very similar. They consisted of half-length single figures on canvases of the same size. His stunning paintings changed the standards of portraiture. 

Fragonard was most likely focusing more on creating a portrayal of everyday life instead of focusing on recreating the model. X-ray photographs show that the painting originally had a different face and the girl was facing the viewers, but it was later painted over. The girl’s identity in the painting is unknown, but she represents the lifestyle of the upper class in France. The unknown girl has a pinky sophisticatedly extended while reading a book. Simply reading a novel shows her status, as the upper class trend at that time was portable books. The horizontal line of the chair’s armrest and the vertical line that is between the two walls offer a feeling of space and structure. 
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Mother and Child, Divided

Damien Hirst, Mother and Child, Divided, 1993
By SARAH XU

"I have a lot of strong memories of religious imagery. We had a big illustrated bible and when I was young I would go straight to the crucifixion or severed head pages." ~Damien Hirst

When Damien Hirst graduated from college, he accepted a job in a morgue. He soon learned that the constant exposure to dead human beings removed the shock of death. However, even after spending months surrounded by dead organisms, Hirst’s hunger to learn more about death was not satiated.

Usually, religion is viewed as something positive and something highly respected. Viewers may see the similarities between religious pieces of art and Hirst’s unique type of artwork. Mother and Child, Divided is an accurate representation of Hirst’s thoughts about religion. The artwork contains one cow and one calf, but they are split into two and placed in four separate tanks. Hirst purposely left enough space in between the halves of the cow and the calf to allow visitors to walk in between the two parts and see the inner workings of a cow in all its glory. The mother and child are both separated from each other, but also separated from themselves. Besides religion, Sigmund Freud's theories also had an influence on Hirst's work. The unattainable goal of finding or keeping unity is a theme often seen in psychoanalysis.

Although viewers constantly debate if Hirst’s artwork should be considered “art,” Hirst believes the bisecting, and sometimes the skinning, of animals offers his audience the possibility to view things in a new way, but also as a way to create emotions scientifically. Hirst even commented that after the animals in his artwork have died and are floating in formaldehyde, they have “more personality than any cows walking about in fields.” Not only is Hirst’s artwork a danger to viewers vomiting, his artwork may have a permanent impact on the viewers’ health. The solution Hirst uses to preserve his artwork has recently been found to be leaking into the viewing rooms, causing the ppm to rise to 5 ppm (parts per million), which is ten times above suggested number. However, don't be a coward, experiencing Hirst's unique artwork is well worth the possible side effects. 
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The First Days of Spring

Salvador Dali,  The First Days of Spring, 1929
By SARAH XU

Salvador Dali is, in general, a strange and random artist. Many of his surrealist paintings can not be fully interpreted. The First Days of Spring was painted a couple of months before Dali joined the Surrealist movement. He called this painting “veritable erotic delirium,” which means he wanted to create shocking, detailed images. The various images seen in The First Days of Spring reappear many times in Dali’s other paintings.

Similar to many of his other paintings during his Surrealist period, Sigmund Freud’s theories were the main influence. Freud’s Interpretation of Dreams suggested a person’s childhood experiences were the source of someone’s fears, desires, and neuroses. As a tribute to his inspiration, the old man with the little girl on the right of the painting is thought to be a representation of Freud.

In the center of The First Days of Spring, there is a photo of Dali as a child, which further indicates the scattered and seemingly random images relate to his childhood. This painting was painted in 1929, a time when Dali and his father’s relationship was unstable. Dali’s father was becoming more and more disappointed in his son’s occupation and behavior, which caused their relationship to be strained. Figures of a man and a boy appear many times in Dali’s other paintings, while the seated man on the left is said to be Dali’s father in The First Days of Spring, signifying Dali’s desire to mend their broken relationship. The distressed man leaning on a woman in the front of the painting shows Dali’s sorrow towards his father while the contrasting happy artwork directly behind the two figures symbolizes Dali’s hope to be happy once again. Furthermore, the two fighting men in the back could be seen as a representation of Dali’s suffering. Although viewers see Dali as a peculiar man, each portion of his eccentric paintings represents something meaningful in his life.
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Gassed

John Singer Sargent, Gassed, 1919
By SARAH XU

One of Sargent’s larger paintings, Gassed measures 231 cm by 611 cm (7 feet 6.9 inches by 20 feet 0.6 inches). The size of the painting makes the group of soldiers almost life-size. I believe the size of the painting just makes the shocking effects of war more of a reality. In 1918, the British War Memorials Committee commissioned Sargent to create an image of the war with a “Anglo-American co-operation” theme. In order to paint an accurate representation of the war, Sargent traveled to the Guards Division near Arras and then observed the American Expeditionary Forces near Ypres. Sargent, a man who had “spent most of his life in a world built on proper routines and schedules,” was not accustomed to the unpredictable, violent environment (Davis 239). But, stepping out of his comfort zone paid off. Sargent personally experienced the exact scene depicted in Gassed, which led him to recreate the powerful moment, even though it didn’t fit under the desired theme. After its completion, Gassed was voted picture of the year by the Royal Academy of Arts in 1919. Similar to Madame X, the painting received disapproval. E.M. Forster, a novelist, attacked the painting because he believed it was “too heroic” while Virginia Woolf condemned the painting for being “too patriotic”.  It seems that Sargent can never escape the criticism.

The painting focuses on a group of wounded soldiers blindly trudging towards help after a mustard gas attack. Behind them, there is a similar group of wounded soldiers marching in a similar formation. Also in the background, Sargent painted a group of men playing football, despite the warfare around them. They represent a large portion of society, going on with their daily lives and are oblivious to the death and pain around them. The dull, lifeless colors suffocates the painting, allowing the viewer to almost smell the stale air. Although the blind men have suffered severe consequences of the war, they are considered fortunate compared to the piles of bodies on the bottom of the painting. This painting not only displayed the grim effects of war, but it also proved that Sargent had the ability to paint both sides of society, the upper class, but also the common soldier, and both in “powerful, revelatory detail” (240).
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Fêtes and Folly: Bacchus

Peter Paul Rubens, Bacchus, 1638
By SARAH XU

In this painting, Peter Paul Rubens paints Bacchus, the Roman god of wine and intoxication, which basically means Bacchus was an alcoholic who liked to party. But, this painting was not commissioned. Rubens painted it just for fun and kept it in his studio until he died. Considering he married a 16 year old when he was 53 years old, I don’t consider his fascination with chubby gods strange at all.

Spring Break as a fledgling includes beaches, music, and of course, alcohol. But, what would Spring Break be like in the future? Technically, there is no two week break that just asks for you to make poor decisions. But, there’s a good rule to follow, YOLO. Create your own Spring Break! You go, Glenn Coco. There are no obstacles to hold you back. Have children? Bring them with you and party with them! The more the merrier! There’s no stopping you. Beer gut? It’s not there if you’re too intoxicated to have the capability to focus. Outta sight, outta mind. Living with the parents is strange? No, it’s the new norm. Make the best of it and bring them with you. Parents are great drinking buddies, until they guzzle down all the good stuff. Thanks Dad. Bring your wife, Barbara! She might pester you about your weight, but geez Barbara! Cut him some slack! He just killed a tiger, what have you done today? Perhaps Barbara should avert her attention to her kids instead of always badgering her husband. We can’t have little Cindy becoming addicted to alcohol at such a young age. 

After a bit of pondering, I withdraw my statement. This is a public service announcement. Do not bring your family on your Spring Break vacation. Instead, just go to Vegas alone.


*** Editor's Note: Students developed the topic of Fêtes and Folly to chronicle elegant celebrations, bad dates, late nights, or other things related to that time in Spring where barbaric yawps can be heard from backyards, beaches, or the more familiar rooftop. Enjoy their revelry, cheeky overstatement, and occasional tales of ribaldry over the next couple of weeks.
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Sounds Assembling

Bertram Brooker, Sounds Assembling, 1928
By SARAH XU
“All the excitement in their representations came from the particular modes of painting they developed while staring at their simple subjects. We return again to the cultivation of meaninglessness.” Richard Bretell

Art without iconography consists of “uninteresting” subjects. But, the picture itself is the artwork, leaving the viewer to decipher the painting by themselves. Abstract paintings allow the artist to paint what they really see when they look at an ordinary object. The viewers may have the same perspective as the artist, but most of the time, abstract painting leaves room for interpretation.

Bertram Brooker was not only a artist, but he also worked as a journalist, a playwright, a poet, a fiction writer, a musician, an advertising strategist, and a manager of a movie theater. Brooker was the first artist in Canada to exhibit abstract paintings, such as Sounds Assembling. In this painting, Brooker painted each brush stroke with the goal to create a “visual analogue to music, capturing the dynamism of sound through ricocheting poles of color and light”. For the creation of this painting, Brooker listened to music and he transferred his journey through sound to a canvas for an audience to experience. This painting does not have an area that the artist wants the viewers to focus on. Instead, Brooker wants the audience to view each part of the painting with the same depth of analysis.

Sounds Assembling is also the name of a book of poetry Brooker published. Readers thought his poems were abstract paintings in ink on paper. These two words represent his skills of painting and writing.
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Carcass of Beef

Chaim Soutine, Carcass of Beef, 1925
By SARAH XU

Expressionism was the first authentic idea in created in Germany and it is also sometimes known as German Expressionism. Expressionism regards the emotional strength of the paintings' subjects as important as the color, but it is also similar to Realism, Symbolism, and Fauvism. Expressionist painters frequently painted natural disasters because they believed the world needed to be destroyed first in order to have a purified society. Besides depicting scenes of destruction, artists often created paintings of alienation, belonging, as well as the search of truth. But, in the 20th century, anti-German ideology was prevalent in society, so German art was not as established as places.

"Once I saw the village butcher slice the neck of a bird and drain the blood out of it. I wanted to cry out, but his joyful expression caught the sound in my throat ... This cry, I always feel it there…When I painted the beef carcass it was still this cry that I wanted to liberate. I have still not succeeded." ~Chaim Soutine

Soutine was the only Expressionist painter in Paris, but he still had a successful career. Throughout his life, Soutine experienced depression, but also had a short temper. His personality is shown through the layers of paint he throws onto the canvas. Along with the use of an excessive amount of paint, Soutine is known for painting still life art. He especially enjoyed focusing on the carcasses of animals, which shows his interest in death. His strange concentration on animals may be due to the lack of food in his childhood or due to food's central role in Jewish ritual. Expressionist artists commonly used exaggerated brushstrokes, which can be seen in this carcass. Soutine's swirling style in this painting also shows his inner emotions. In Carcass of Beef, the beef is harshly cut open, but the style of the painting is very similar to Soutine's inspiration's,  Rembrandt, painting, Slaughtered Ox.

Soutine also had a different way of painting the carcass. He first purchased a piece of beef at a slaughterhouse and hung it in his studio. Every few days, Soutine would ask his assistant to bring him a bucket of fresh cow blood. While painting, Soutine would frequently pour the blood over the carcass to accurately capture the freshness of cut beef. But, his painting didn’t come with consequences. While the assistant fanned away the flies, the neighbors complained about the smell, which led to health inspectors attempting to take away the meat. Soutine was too immersed in his work, so his assistant placated the authorities, which allowed Soutine to finish his masterpiece.
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The Artist's Studio

The Artist's Studio, Gustave Courbet, 1855
By SARAH XU

The title itself suggests the complexity of Courbet’s thoughts. The contrasting definitions of the words “real” and “allegory” in the title leads the viewer to believe some aspects of the painting might have a double meaning. In a letter to a friend, Courbet even says, “It’s pretty mysterious. Good luck to anyone who can make it out!” For example, the landscape on the back wall could be argued as either paintings or windows, so are they real or a representation?

Courbet himself can be seen in the middle of the painting with his signature beard jutting out in an abnormal angle, as seen in Bonjour Monsieur Courbet. Standing by Courbet’s side is a little boy who is literally looking up to Courbet and his painting. Children are known for their lack of exposure to the real world, so their innocence is still preserved. Courbet always strived to see the truth of the world, an ability children tend to have. Courbet could have possibly included the child to portray his skill, something some artists lack.

The painting is divided into two groups of people. To the left, the people are more ragged and represent the world of commonplace life, while the people on the right are more well-dressed and seem more wealthy. Courbet once said, "It's the whole world coming to me to be painted. On the right, all the shareholders, by that I mean friends, fellow workers, art lovers. On the left is the other world of everyday life, the masses, wretchedness, poverty, wealth, the exploited and the exploiters, people who make a living from death." Among the wealthy in Courbet’s painting is Charles Baudelaire, Courbet’s close poet friend, who is painted in the same location Michelangelo puts Satan in The Last Judgement. Behind the easel, there is a crucified figure. Courbet sometimes referred to himself as a martyr in his paintings, such as Self-Portrait as Wounded Man, because of his “suffering” at the metaphorical hands of the French art critics. With the wealthy behind Courbet, it could signify the wealthy are supporting him in the back, while he focuses on his subject of interest, the common world.


After the completion of the painting, Courbet attempted to present it at the Paris World Fair, but due to the size of the painting, which is around 11 feet by 20 feet, the painting not displayed. As a solution, Courbet took about 39 other paintings and created his own exhibition.

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