Fine Tuning: Guitar and Violin

Picasso, Guitar and Violin, 1912

Fine Tuning
By NATALIE BEYER


As I write my last blog post of my Junior year in Renaissance Art History late on a Friday night, I would like to thank all the wonderful people I have been able to work with this year in this class. I have learned much, and have much more to learn. I think that this painting might reflect my year in Art History. Abstract, colorful, and strange. At first glance, it seems like a mess of shapes and colors, but really there's more to it. Put together is supposedly a guitar and a violin, and just like my year in this class, all the miscellaneous information that I have learned in the class adds up to something meaningful. 

Picasso, whose full name has actually twenty three words in it, originated in Spain. When he was born, he was so darn small that his midwife thought he was a stillborn. His uncle would come to his saving on that occasion. Picasso completed his first painting at just the age of nine and was known not to be the best student, frequently given detentions. As he got older, he progressed into being a co-founder of the style of Cubism - paintings or works made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and later, collages. He experienced different periods of art which included the rose period, the blue period, each of which he used a theme of blue or rose in his paintings.  

His earlier paintings, before he got into the Cubism style were not so abstract. When viewing one of his early paintings, one can see what he was actually trying to paint instead of using one's imagination. The Guitar and Violin that he painted in 1912 looks nothing like a guitar and violin. (Definition of a Violin: a bowed stringed instrument having four strings that range from G to E having a shallow body, shoulders at right angles to the neck, a fingerboard without frets, and a curved bridge) The violin is played in the treble clef, just like how a guitar and piano are. However, bits and pieces from each instrument in this painting are sprawled out throughout the painting. The scroll from the violin is in the top right corner, the strings from the guitar are in the left-middle of the painting and so is the body of the guitar. 
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Fine Tuning: Nostalgia in Slow Motion

 Rafal OlbiÅ„ski, Nostalgia in Slow Motion, 1945
Fine Tuning
By NATALIE BEYER

Similar to René Magritte, Rafal Olbiński paints in the style of Surrealism - producing incongruous imagery or effects in art through unnatural or irrational juxtapositions and combinations. When asked to describe his artwork, he describes is as "poetic surrealism" and says his influences are "everybody." He takes everyday objects and turns them into different worlds, allowing the viewer to only imagine what goes through Olbiński's head when he paints.

Rafal Olbiński was born in Poland in 1943 and he migrated the United States in 1981 after finishing schooling at the architectural school at Warshaw University of Technology in Poland. For his works, he has won over 150 awards including Gold and Silver Medals from the Art Directors Club of New York, Gold and Silver Medals from the Society of Illustrators in New York and Los Angeles, and the Big Crit 2000 award by Critique Magazine in San Fransisco. Even the President of the Republic of Poland awarded Oldiński the highest award in the field pf arts, the gold medal, "Gloria Artis."

In his painting of Nostalgia in Slow Motion, he features a woman's soft face in the strings of a golden harp. (Definition of a Harp: a plucked stringed instrument consisting of a resonator, an arched or angled neck that may be supported by a post, and string of graded length that are perpendicular to the soundboard). If a person were to play the harp, they would play off of the treble clef, a clef placing the note "G" above the middle note "C" on the second-lowest line of the staff. A purple orchid accents the yellow in the harp that contrasts the white clouds and light blue sky in the background. This woman however, is just a random woman that Olbiński decided to paint, and just like most of his other paintings, his subjects are people he finds off the street. I like to think that he called this painting Nostalgia in Slow Motion because the woman in the harp used to play, and is remembering her past, letting her hair flow in the wind.
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Fine Tuning: The Musicians

Caravaggio, The Musicians, 1595
Fine Tuning
By NATALIE BEYER

Do these boys want to be together, practicing their instruments? Do they look as though they are having a good time? I would say "no" for the sole fact that the boredom washing over their faces looks like they've been sitting through a two-hour ACT prep class late on a Monday night. 

However, many of Caravaggio's subjects show true emotion instead of the bliss that other artists placed on their subjects' faces. His style allowed for a darker setting, with little to no light source and in many of his paintings, he would leave space pitch black. He brought a new level of emotion and intensity to the table for artists at the time, and many criticized him for painting in such a way. He would paint grotesque images such as decapitations and violent struggles. Caravaggio would paint from life instead of drawing and planning what he was going to paint first, and artists at the time saw this as bizarre and against the grain. He, like many struggling artists in Italy, faced problems with patrons, and even had a bad temper.

Unable to control himself, he was known for brawling and even was accused of killing multiple people while in Italy. He gambled and got in trouble with the authorities, eventually getting himself exiled multiple times, each time returning to the thing he loved the most - painting. Caravaggio never married and had no known children. Art Historians today are not completely sure the sexuality of Caravaggio, but many argue that because of the homoeroticism in his paintings could hint to his homosexuality.

Getting to this painting in particular, The Musicians feature a lute and a tiny violin. (Definition of a Lute: a stringed instrument having a large pear-shaped body, a vaulted back, a fretted fingerboard, and a head with tuning pegs which is often angled backward from the neck). By pressing your fingers on the strings at different parts of the finger board, the player shortens or lengthens the length of the desired string the is vibrating, like a guitar, producing higher and lower pitches or notes. The boy in the middle of this painting seems to be tuning his lute while his friend looks at the sheet music. The boredom on their faces shows just how interested they are in playing instruments.
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Fine Tuning: The Mandolin Player

Anselm Feuerbach, The Mandolin Player, 1865
Fine Tuning
By NATALIE BEYER

Anselm Feuerbach realized his artistic talents just at the age of fifteen when he left his family to go to the Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts in Germany. He wanted to be a painter, like the "old masters." But to be like the "old masters" he traveled to Munich, Antwerp, and then Paris. All of these places however, did not satisfy him. With a scholarship from Baden's Grand Duchy, he makes his way over to Italy where he will pursue his talents for seventeen years. In Italy, he finds other German artists just like him who want to be lie the "old masters" and even a model that fits his exact beauty standards for a woman. 

However, just like the the great artists that he looks up to and admires, he has trouble with clients and money. With too many commissions coming in all at once, disputes over what his art his supposed to look like with his clients, and even the separation with his lover - Anna Risi - happens. 

In the year of 1860, at the age of thirty-one, Anselm Feuerbach met Anna Risi. Nicknamed "Nanna," she will act as a muse and mistress to Feuerbach for four years. But before Anna first encounters Feuerbach however, she had stood as a model for numerous nineteenth century artists. Her most painted pose is her sitting and gazing softly over her right shoulder. Her long dark hair and sculpted nose are her most notable features. The softness of her hands and facial expression give reason for why Feuerbach called her "Nanna" and over the next four years, he will paint her twenty-eight different times out of sheer fascination for her. 

In this painting in particular, "Nanna"poses in her most painted position holding a mandolin. (Definition of a Mandolin: a musical instrument of the lute family that has a usually pear-shaped body and fretted neck and four to six pairs of strings). Just like a guitar, the player can lengthen or shorten the desired string to produced different pitches or notes. The most common clef of the mandolin is the Treble clef just like the violin or piano. This painting of Nanna is one of the last portraits he painted of her, around the time he was having difficulties with clients and financial issues. Because of these tensions happening in his life, the viewer can feel the tension of both Feuerbach and Nanna, both of them knowing that their lives together was coming to an end soon.
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Fine Tuning: Man with a Guitar

Fernando Botero, Man with a Guitar, 1948
Fine Tuning
By NATALIE BEYER

Fernando Botero, before becoming an artist known for his oversized depiction of people, nature, and animals, went to a matador school. He was born in Columbia, Spain in 1932 and in 1948, when he was just sixteen years old, he had his first painting exhibition. Just two years later, he would have his first one man show in Bogota. In his early years of art, he was inspired by the pre-Columbian and political murals of Diego Rivera and he would copy famous paintings from artists and sell them to tourists on the streets. He was married three different times and is currently married to Sophia Vari, a Greek artist.

By the 1950s, he had mastered his style of painting oversized people and often his paintings suggest an element of political satire. He uses bright color and flat dimensions most similar to Latin-American folk art. In most of his paintings, he paints people in situational portraiture or centering his models in the center of his easel. Just as the man with his guitar is sitting in this painting, many or all of his paintings are similar.

Man with a Guitar was painted for the same first exhibition of Fernando Botero in 1948. The inflated man in this painting holds a balloon-esqe guitar that rests on his right leg. (Definition of a Guitar: a flat-bodied stringed instrument with a long fretted neck and usually six strings played with a pick or with the fingers). Although the man seems to not have any strings on his guitar and he stares into space as though he has no idea why he is holding a guitar, Botero was able to capture the image of a musician. A red ribbon also sits on the headstock of the guitar. Could it be that he just received this particular guitar as a gift? Or could he be showing the viewer how to play so that they can have the guitar?
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Magnificent Beards: Antonietta Gonzalez

Fontana, Antonietta Gonzalez, 1595
Magnificent Beards
By HARPER TRUOG

This child doesn’t have a beard so much as mutton chops, but I could not resist including it. The image is jarring to see such a hairy person in royal garments. The child’s round cheeks combined with facial hair also creates confusion over her gender. 

The painting of the hair itself is good, it looks thin and soft like a baby’s should. Fontana was known for doing portraits of royal family members. She is considered the first female painter to work within the male sphere. Paintings of babies were often used like pictures are today; to show other family members how cute it is and that it is healthy. Think of the family of a distant cousin huddling around a canvas and cooing over the new family member. Fontana puts great detail into the clothing which shows status. The paper and writing also signifies status and education. There is a hint of a crown on top of the child’s head, signifying royal blood. Fontana is not my favorite painter, but she does not shy away from weird subject matter.

There is an actual condition where some children are born with hair all over their bodies, but usually it falls off and they look normal within a couple years. It is very interesting to see a child painted like this. I would have thought that the parents would have told Fontana to not paint the excess hair. The hair and beard make her look much older than she probably is.
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Magnificent Beards: Jesus

 Bernini, Bust of Jesus,1679
Magnificent Beards
By HARPER TRUOG

Jesus’ beard is majestic and curly. His long, flowy hair matches and enhances the beard’s affect, it looks like he used curlers and he’s rocking it. It is the iconic Jesus beard. The beard is nicely trimmed and kept, not the unruly type of curly. Bernini really made the beard look realistic.

The fold of the cloth adds to the motion of the bust. The hair and clothing make Jesus look like he is moving or Bernini caught a moment in time. The facial expression is serene and serious. Jesus’ hand is in the iconic position often associated with him and he looks like he is about to bless someone. The bust is much more life-like than most other busts. The clothing really sets it apart. Usually busts are just of the head and maybe shoulders, but this one is more complete; it has an arm and hand. The beard adds to his seriousness. The beard shows that he is a young Jesus because it is short. He was not an old man when he created miracles and was crucified.

Images of Jesus usually portray him without expressive emotion, opting for a more detached feeling. This alludes to Jesus being part divine or existing outside of the human realm. His indifference is often seen as compassion as he performs miracles or saves someone.
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Magnificent Beards: God

God from the Sistine Chapel, Michelangelo, 1512
Magnificent Beards
By HARPER TRUOG

It is only fitting that God have an awesome beard. The beard looks like thunder clouds; he must have created clouds in his beard’s image. God’s face even has a stormy expression. The beard invokes power and majesty; it is full and poofy. A great beard is an aspect of the divine. Michelangelo wanted God to look like the all-powerful deity he is, so God had to have a beard. The image of God as a muscular, bearded, man is the default setting in Renaissance art and in western culture.

The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel features nine scenes from the book of Genesis, The Creation of Adam being one. The ceiling shows just how talented Michelangelo is at creating a mass of figures. The Creation of Adam is one of the most famous scenes from the Sistine Chapel and has been turned into a Renaissance icon. Replicas and parodies have been produced for years. The image of God and Adam’s hands almost touching has become the image of God reaching down and impacting human lives. 

Just like Michelangelo’s painting of God creating Adam is an iconic image, God’s beard reflects the characteristics of the western, Christian God. This picture is supposed to invoke a feeling of power and strength, and what better figure to give God than a muscular, white man. The beard only adds to the severity of his face and demeanor. It also alludes to God being immortal. He looks old and wise in the face, but his body is not one of an old man’s.
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Magnificent Beards: St. Jerome

Caravaggio, Saint Jerome, 1608
Magnificent Beards
By HARPER TRUOG

Saint Jerome’s beard is long and white, not curly. It goes well with the red robe which gives him a real saintly look. His bald head looks like the skull on his desk. The lighting is great, especially on the beard. Does he ever get ink in his beard? Do long beard enhance holiness and wisdom? Saint Jerome is sitting at his desk working like anyone else would, putting holy figures in human scenes in Caravaggio’s specialty.

Caravaggio’s use of light never fails to impress. The skull on the desk is highlighted and bright against the dark, almost black, background. Skulls in paintings usually mean the ever presence of death. Saint Jerome translated the Bible into Latin, a dead language. He also died of old age and since that is the age being depicted in the this painting, he is close to death. The red cloak indicates his rank as cardinal even though there were no cardinals during his lifetime. It is added in for artistic interpretation because he was secretary to the pope and those people were depicted as cardinals.

Caravaggio rarely puts halos on holy figures, but he chose to in this painting. It is thin and small, but stands out against the dark background. Saint Jerome is associated with encyclopedias literature, so he is usually depicted writing a book. Saint Jerome’s beard adds to his experience living as a hermit. It’s long and shaggy signifying his religious status and living conditions.
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Magnificent Beards - Da Vinci Self-Portrait

Self Portrait, Da Vinci, 
Magnificent Beards
By HARPER TRUOG

Here is one of the greatest beards of the Renaissance. It makes Da Vinci look old, wise, and reminds me of Dumbledore. The beard is long and flowing and curly. It is the secret to his inventions. Not only is it big enough that he could store some of his inventions in it, but a beard like that must have special powers. He doesn’t really have any hair on the rest of his face/head, just the voluminous beard. He looks like and angry and tired Father Christmas. This is an iconic image of him as an older man with a long beard. A truly amazing beard to go with an amazing man.



Da Vinci is credited with creating plans and inventing an early helicopter, armored vehicle, solar power, a calculator, and the double hull for ships. Many of his inventions could not be built because they were so ahead of the time period. Da Vinci made great strides in engineering, math, and science. He linked art and science by studying the human body and proportions. His notebooks contain some of the most accurate body sketches of the Renaissance. He was left handed and used mirror writing in his sketchbook which can only be read when holding it in front of a mirror. Da Vinci’s paintings reflected his knowledge on human proportions and science. Few of his works have survived, but the ones that have become cultural icons.

This self portrait sketch is probably the most associated with Da Vinci than any other self portrait.This sketch gives us an idea of what he looked like and it is the image our brains go to when we think of his face. The beard is an essential part of Da Vinci’s iconic image.
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